A New Breed

1965 Farmall 504

What International Harvester called the “New World of Power” launched them into their first line of six-cylinder tractors in 1958. These were the now-infamous 460 and 560 lines. We have talked about the final drive debacle that put IH into panic mode for a couple of years and giving John Deere the edge it needed to race ahead in tractor sales. In order to beat John Deere to the six-cylinder punch, execs had dismissed the advice of engineers and launched the more powerful tractors with the old M-Series final drives rather than wait for the new drives that were in the engineering pipeline. That proved to be a very big mistake.

By 1961, the technical part of the problem had been dealt with by upgrades and recalls, all of which had slowed up future plans. It took IH a long time to recover from the reputational hit but they introduced new models that were ready for action. They started with the introduction of the 404 and 504 for ‘62, both fighting in the lower middleweight class. The 404 was a two-plow tractor that debuted only with a gas engine. The three-plow (plus) 504 turned out to be the hit of that pair. The 504 was the precursor to the new 706 and 806 models that would emerged barely two years hence and set International back onto solid reputational ground. The 504 embodied much of the new technology that would make the 706 and 806 such a success, mainly a stout final drive with a torque amplifier, hydrostatic power steering and a new 3-point system with draft control.

The 504 came in four variants during it’s ‘61-68 run, the rowcrop Farmall, a Utility with an Industrial variant, and a special high clearance model that came in 1963. The standard power for the 504 was the four-cylinder gasoline C153, a 153 cubic inch that could also be propane fueled. The D188 diesel was the compression ignition option and it was a four-cylinder variant of the D282 six that had been developed in 1958 and used in the 560 and other equipment. All the engines in the 504 line were rated by IH for 45 horsepower. In the Nebraska tests, the gas, and diesel achieved remarkably similar results, being less than one horsepower apart for both the PTO and drawbar ratings. The gasser used three-fourths of a gallon an hour more at full power, however.

The 504 was one of those tractors that over-delivered on the ad hype. It was rated as a three-plow tractor, but unlike many tractors it could handle three bottoms in tough ground and maybe four in easy dirt. It could deliver 40 horses on the drawbar with 2,500 pounds of ballast and almost 39 with no ballast. That’s good for it’s weight class.

Available options included a wide front axle, adjustable (from 50 to 80 inches) on the rowcrop Farmall and fixed on the industrial. The Deluxe adjustable seat was a popular option. Though it was an option, the Torque Amplifier appeared on most Farmall 504s, as well as power steering. A rear PTO was standard and a belt drive could be added. The hydraulic system was integrated and two sets of remotes could be used. A high speed reverser was on the options list for those using the 504 in loader operations. The reverser was found most often on the Utility or Industrial variants.

Production of the 504 started in December of 1961 and ended in February of 1968 with about 21,000 built. The 504 was replaced with the updated and more powerful 544. The 504 was one of the “just right” tractor size many operations needed and it had the right options. On top of that, it proved to be reliable as well, with only the power steering system getting low marks.

Specifications

1965 Farmall 504

Engine: 4-cylinder diesel, indirect injection, IH D188
Displacement: 188 ci
Bore & Stroke: 3.38 x 4.25 in.

*Rated PTO Power: 46 @ 2200
*Rated Drawbar Power: 40 @ 2200

Compression Ratio:     18.7:1
Transmission: 5-speed with optional TA (5×2)
Weight: 4,400 lbs.
Fuel Capacity: 18.6 gal.

Tires:
Front: 6.50-16
Rear: 13.9-36

*Fuel Consumption: 3.08 GPH @ full power
*Drawbar Pull: 5501 lbs @ 10.6% slip w/max ballast
*Top Speed: 17.64 mph
* As Rated by Nebraska Tractor Test  816

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How do personal experiences and modifications impact the performance of the Farmall 504 in pulling competitions?

Personal experiences and custom modifications can have a significant impact on the performance of tractors, like the Farmall 504, in pulling competitions. Enthusiasts and competitors often share stories of unique setups and adjustments that give their machines an edge over others. Here’s how these elements come into play:

Unique Modifications

1. Transmission and Axle Adjustments:
   • Some competitors choose to adapt their tractor’s axle housings to fit different transmissions. This is often done to achieve better power distribution and traction during pulls.
   • Larger axles may be installed to handle the increased torque and force exerted during a competitive pull, helping the tractor withstand stress without mechanical failure.
2. Engine Enhancements:
   • Modifying the engine is a common practice. Competitors sometimes opt for custom sleeves and pistons within the engine block to increase the engine’s displacement and power output.
   • Tuning the engine to produce a distinctive sound isn’t just for show; it often indicates enhanced performance tailored to pulling conditions.

Personal Experiences and Expertise

1. Knowledge Sharing:
   • Experienced pullers often pass down their insights into effective tractor modifications through forums and social gatherings. This knowledge can save time and resources for newer competitors looking to excel.
2. Trial and Error:
   • Personal experience plays a crucial role as many changes come from experimenting with different configurations. Adjustments that lead to better outcomes in one setting might not have the same effect elsewhere, requiring ongoing tweaking and expertise.
3. Financial Investment:
   • Performance boosting isn’t just about technical prowess; having “deep enough pockets” suggests that significant financial investment is needed. From sophisticated machinery to top-tier components, the cost can quickly add up, impacting a competitor’s ability to innovate.

Impact on Competitions

• Performance Edge:Modifications and personal insights allow tractors like the Farmall 504 to achieve power levels and durability that might otherwise be unattainable. This can make a substantial difference in tight competitions.
• Competitive Landscape:The continuous interchange of knowledge and modification trends keeps the sport dynamic, driving competitors to constantly evolve and improve their setups.

While the specific Farmall model mentioned might have a storied history, the principles of innovation and shared knowledge continue to shape the exciting atmosphere of tractor pulling competitions.

 

What are the experiences of different users with the Farmall 504 in various agricultural tasks?

Experiences with the Farmall 504 in Agricultural Tasks

The Farmall 504 LPG, particularly with a narrow front, is generally recognized as a reliable workhorse. Though it may not boast immense power, users find it sufficient for a variety of agricultural activities.

Raking and BalingMany users appreciate its performance when used with a rake, describing it as effective and dependable. When paired with a square baler, it performs adequately, albeit at a slower pace. The desire for compatible accessories, such as a side mount sickle mower, is common among owners seeking to enhance its versatility.

Versatility on Vegetable FarmsIndividuals with experience on larger vegetable farms report positive feedback. One user, who drove a 504 for many years in California, found it highly versatile, successfully handling diverse tasks over an extended period. This suggests that the Farmall 504 can adapt to different agricultural environments beyond small-scale farming.

Community and TraditionThe tractor holds sentimental value within some communities. Stories circulate about church members who cherished their 504s, using mid-mount mowers for decades. These tractors often become cherished possessions, deeply associated with their owners’ farming legacy.

Performance with Heavy EquipmentOn the subject of the related 606 model, users note that its low reverse speed—approximately 2 to 2.5 mph—poses challenges, especially when used with a loader. This insight is critical for those considering similar equipment for more demanding tasks.

Overall, the Farmall 504 emerges as a dependable option for various agricultural purposes, praised for its functionality in both light and intermediate tasks. It’s celebrated not only for its performance but also for the fond memories it creates on the farm.

 

How does the 504’s gear reduction affect its performance in various tasks?

The 504’s gear reduction plays a crucial role in its versatility and effectiveness across different tasks. By having a lower gear ratio than many tractors, the 504 excels in operations that require precise control and steady power, particularly when used as a square baler tractor. This low gearing allows for smoother and slower movements, making it ideal for tasks demanding meticulous attention, such as baling.

When equipped with a smaller baler, the 504’s low gearing ensures that the tractor can work at optimal speeds without overexerting itself. This results in greater efficiency and less wear and tear on the machinery.

Beyond baling, the gear reduction also enhances the tractor’s performance in other agricultural tasks that benefit from controlled speed and consistent torque. This includes plowing in tough soil conditions and performing tasks on uneven terrain where maintaining traction and control is vital.

In summary, the 504’s gear reduction not only makes it an excellent choice for baling but also provides advantageous performance in various demanding agricultural tasks.

 

What are the opinions on the Farmall 504’s suitability for tasks like square baling and brush hogging?

Opinions on the Farmall 504’s Suitability for Square Baling and Brush Hogging

The Farmall 504 is often seen as a tractor falling short in power, particularly in its lower range. For those considering tasks such as square baling and brush hogging, this aspect is crucial.

Low-End Power Concerns

Users have noted that the tractor doesn’t offer much grunt at the low end. This can be a disadvantage if you plan to rely on it for demanding farm tasks. However, it’s important to highlight its unique gearing. The Farmall 504 is geared lower compared to many other tractors, which can be advantageous in specific situations.

Square Baling Abilities

For square baling, the Farmall 504 has a mixed reputation. While it can perform adequately, the pace may not be as quick as some operators would like. A key benefit is its lower gearing, which makes it quite suited for smaller balers. If speed isn’t your primary concern, it can manage the task effectively.

Brush Hogging

When considering a six-foot brush hog, be prepared for the machine to face a bit of a challenge. Owners report that while the tractor can handle the task, it is certainly labor-intensive for the Farmall 504.

General Handling

In terms of general use, the tractor seems to excel when not pushed to its limits. Tasks like raking are where it shines, offering dependable performance without unnecessary strain. If the tractor is in good mechanical condition, it can serve well for less demanding chores.

Ultimately, the suitability of the Farmall 504 depends largely on its intended use. For lighter agricultural tasks, particularly with smaller equipment, it can be a fine choice. However, for more power-intensive activities, it may not deliver the performance some farmers need.

 

What are common issues and maintenance considerations for the Farmall 504’s brake system?

Understanding Brake System Challenges and Maintenance for the Farmall 504

The Farmall 504, while a reliable tractor, does present unique challenges when it comes to its brake system. Owners often encounter specific issues that require attention and care. Here’s an overview of common problems and maintenance tips:

Common Issues

1. Difficulty in Relining Brake Discs:
   • Unlike other tractors, the Farmall 504 can be tricky when it comes to relining brake discs. Many owners struggle to find local experts or parts to perform this task effectively.
2. Wear and Tear:
   • The brake components can wear out over time, especially with frequent use. Regular inspections help in identifying worn parts before they lead to bigger issues.
3. Limited Availability of Parts:
   • Finding replacement parts can sometimes be more challenging compared to other tractor models. This unavailability can delay repairs and maintenance.

Maintenance Considerations

• Regular Inspections:Conduct frequent checks of the entire brake system to ensure all components are working correctly. Look for signs of wear, such as thinning brake pads or leaking fluid.
• Seek Specialized Help:When it comes to relining brake discs, reaching out to specialized mechanics or service providers who have experience with the Farmall 504 can save time and prevent further complications.
• Sourcing Parts:Consider sourcing parts from reputable dealers who are familiar with classic tractor models. Online communities and forums can also be valuable resources for finding spare parts.

By being proactive in your maintenance approach and seeking expert assistance when needed, you can ensure that the Farmall 504 remains a dependable workhorse on the farm.

 

What advantages does the Farmall 504 have over earlier letter series tractors?

The 504 was one of those tractors that over-delivered on the ad hype. It was rated as a three-plow tractor, but unlike many tractors, it could handle three bottoms in tough ground and maybe four in easy dirt. It could deliver 40 horses on the drawbar with 2,500 pounds of ballast and almost 39 with no ballast. That’s good for its weight class. By the standards of the day, this was a nice place to work. The control layout was lauded as was the Deluxe seat. The high operator platform became a signature design element for the IH line.

Key Advantages Over Letter Series Tractors

• Power Steering: Enjoy improved maneuverability and ease of handling, especially useful for tasks that require frequent turns.
• Three-Point Hitch: Offers greater flexibility and compatibility with a wide range of implements, enhancing the tractor’s versatility.
• Live PTO: Provides consistent power to attachments, making operations like baling more efficient without slowing down the tractor.

In practical applications, the Farmall 504 shines on tasks like raking and baling. While it might not be the fastest, its reliability in running a square baler and handling a rake makes it a dependable choice. These features and capabilities position the 504 as a significant step up from its predecessors, offering enhanced functionality that older letter series tractors simply can’t match.

 

What are the perceived limitations or areas for improvement?

While the tractor handles a square baler, it does so at a slower speed, suggesting an area where its performance could be optimized.

 

What is the user’s personal experience or wish list for the tractor?

The owner expresses a desire to equip their 504 with a side mount sickle mower, indicating a personal wish to expand its functionality.

 

What are the specific tasks the Farmall 504 is good for?

The Farmall 504 excels in tasks such as operating a rake and managing a square baler, although it performs the latter at a slower pace.

 

How does the Farmall 504 compare to other tractors in its horsepower class for various applications?

The 504 was one of those tractors that over-delivered on the ad hype. It was rated as a three-plow tractor, but unlike many tractors, it could handle three bottoms in tough ground and maybe four in easy dirt. It could deliver 40 horses on the drawbar with 2,500 pounds of ballast and almost 39 with no ballast. That’s good for its weight class.

However, when it comes to practical applications, opinions vary. Some users found the 504 lacking in low-end power, making it less ideal for tasks that demand significant torque from the start. For those planning to work the tractor hard, checking the Torque Amplifier (T/A) is advised, as it’s crucial for handling more rigorous jobs.

Application-Specific Performance

• Brush Hogging: A six-foot brush hog can challenge the 504, putting its power to the test.
• Baling: While the 504 is geared lower than many tractors, making it suitable for square baling, it performs best with a smaller baler.

Despite these limitations, the 504 shines in specific roles thanks to its low gearing advantage. But for those seeking versatility across varied applications, models like the H or 300 might offer more reliable performance in the same horsepower class.

 

What are the advantages of the Farmall 504 despite its limitations?

Despite its drawbacks, the 504’s lower gearing makes it particularly well-suited for tasks such as operating a smaller square baler.

 

How does the Farmall 504 compare to other models in the same horsepower class?

Compared to models like the H or 300, the 504 may not be the preferred choice for many users, as these alternatives are often favored for similar power needs.

 

What are the necessary features or modifications for optimal performance in demanding tasks?

It is crucial to ensure the Torque Amplifier (T/A) is in good working condition if the tractor is to handle more strenuous workloads.

 

How does the Farmall 504 perform in specific tasks such as using a brush hog or a square baler?

The 504 struggles with a six-foot brush hog and a square baler, indicating that it may be overwhelmed by these demanding tasks.

 

What are the specific limitations of the Farmall 504 in terms of power delivery?

The Farmall 504 is criticized for lacking low-end power, making it appear underpowered for certain tasks.

 

How does the Farmall 504’s engine performance compare in terms of low-end power?

The 504 was one of those tractors that over-delivered on the ad hype. It was rated as a three-plow tractor, but unlike many tractors, it could handle three bottoms in tough ground and maybe four in easy dirt. It could deliver 40 horses on the drawbar with 2,500 pounds of ballast and almost 39 with no ballast. That’s good for its weight class.

However, when it comes to low-end power, some users have noted that the 504’s engine lacks a bit of punch. Described by some as a “gutless wonder,” the 504 has been criticized for its limited low-end torque. This can be a concern if you’re planning to use it for tasks that demand substantial pulling power at low speeds, such as operating a six-foot brush hog or a square baler.

Despite these drawbacks, the 504 does have its strengths. Its drivetrain, which shares lineage with the 300 and 460 models, features improvements that make it reliable in certain applications. The tractor’s lower gearing makes it particularly well-suited for tasks requiring steady power, like square baling with a smaller baler.

For those considering the 504, it’s essential to weigh these factors. While it might not excel in low-end power, its overall performance and gearing can serve specific needs effectively, making it a versatile option within its class.

 

What are the gearing and reduction characteristics of the 504?

The 504’s row crop version features a deeper ring and pinion reduction than others in its transmission series, providing a lower gear ratio that can be advantageous for specific tasks.

 

How does the drivetrain and engine configuration of the 504 compare to other models?

The drivetrain shares components with the Farmall 300 and 460 models, having undergone updates to address past failures. The engine lacks sleeves, and oversized pistons were once available, though parts may now be scarce.

 

What should be checked or considered when using a Farmall 504?

It’s important to check the Torque Amplifier (T/A) if you plan to work the tractor, as this component is crucial for its performance in more demanding applications.

 

How does the Farmall 504 perform in specific tasks or applications?

The tractor may struggle with tasks like operating a six-foot brush hog or a square baler due to its low-end power limitations. However, it can be suitable for lighter tasks such as parade or show use.

 

What are the weak points of the Farmall 504?

The Farmall 504 is noted for its lack of low-end power, making it less effective when significant torque is required. It’s described as lacking in power at lower engine speeds.

 

What are the known weak points of the Farmall 504 tractor?

“If the 504 had a weak link, it was the steering system. Yeah, it was hydrostatic but a really oddball combo of mechanical and hydraulic. They can be really cranky when they get old. This system was soon eclipsed by a better hydrostatic power steering unit.

But the steering isn’t the only aspect to consider. The Farmall 504’s engine, although reliable, doesn’t offer much low-end power, which might be a concern if you’re planning to use it for heavy tasks. It’s worth noting the importance of the Torque Amplifier (T/A), especially if you intend to put the tractor to work. Without it, the 504 might struggle with demanding implements like a brush hog or square baler.

Additionally, the tractor’s gearing is a mixed bag. While its lower gears can be advantageous for certain tasks, the slow reverse gear could be a downside for some operations. This could be particularly noticeable when maneuvering in tight spaces or during repetitive tasks.

Another area of concern for some owners is the brake system. In certain regions, like New Zealand, there have been challenges finding replacements for the brake discs, which could lead to maintenance headaches.

Lastly, consider the design of the front end. Some users prefer aftermarket wide fronts over the original designs, suggesting a potential area for improvement in stability and handling.”

 

How does the gearing affect reverse speed?

The slow first gear results in a similarly slow reverse speed, which might impact the tractor’s maneuverability and efficiency in tasks requiring frequent changes in direction.

 

Are there specific maintenance challenges?

A notable maintenance challenge is the difficulty in relining brake discs, particularly in regions like New Zealand, where this service is not readily available for the 504 model.

 

Are there any design preferences or modifications recommended?

Users often prefer aftermarket wide fronts over the original IH design for row crop applications, suggesting that modifications could enhance performance and handling.

 

How does the tractor perform with specific equipment?

The Farmall 504 may struggle when paired with a six-foot brush hog or a square baler unless the baler is on the smaller side. The tractor’s gearing is suitable for baling but may require more effort with larger or heavier equipment.

 

What are the transmission and gearing limitations?

The tractor features a lower gearing setup, which is beneficial for certain applications like square baling. However, the absence of a Torque Amplifier (T/A) may limit its effectiveness for more demanding tasks.

 

What are the engine’s performance characteristics?

The Farmall 504 tractor’s engine lacks low-end power, which could be a concern for tasks requiring strong initial torque. However, this might not be an issue if the tractor is primarily used for light-duty or show purposes.

 

How does the Farmall 504’s reverse gear speed affect its usability?

The reverser was found most often on the Utility or Industrial variants. Many owners and operators have noted that the Farmall 504’s reverse gear speed can be a disadvantage. A slower first gear tends to make the reverse gear slower as well, affecting overall usability, especially in diverse working conditions.

Interestingly, some models feature a reverser instead of a traditional T/A, which comes with a unique first gear ratio. This setup differs from those without a reverser, leading to variations in performance. For those looking for a faster reverse, earlier transmissions offered a standard first gear set, which provided a quicker option for regular transmissions.

Understanding these differences can significantly impact how effectively you can use the Farmall 504 in various tasks, whether in utility or industrial applications.

 

What historical context or comparisons exist regarding gear ratios?

The faster first gear sets were actually standard in earlier transmissions, providing a historical context for current gear ratio configurations.

 

Are there variations in gear ratios across different models?

Yes, models with a reverser have different first gear ratios compared to those without, and there are options for faster first gear sets in some regular transmissions.

 

How does the first gear ratio affect the reverse gear speed?

A slower first gear results in a slower reverse speed, indicating a direct link between the two gear ratios.

 

What is the impact of the reverse gear speed on usability?

The slow reverse speed is considered a disadvantage by many owners and operators, affecting the overall usability of the equipment.

 

How is the drivetrain of the Farmall 504 configured, and what components does it share with other models?

By 1961, the technical part of the problem had been dealt with by upgrades and recalls, all of which had slowed up future plans. It took IH a long time to recover from the reputational hit but they introduced new models that were ready for action. They started with the introduction of the 404 and 504 for ‘62, both fighting in the lower middleweight class. The 404 was a two-plow tractor that debuted only with a gas engine. The three-plow (plus) 504 turned out to be the hit of that pair. The 504 was the precursor to the new 706 and 806 models that would emerged barely two years hence and set International back onto solid reputational ground. The 504 embodied much of the new technology that would make the 706 and 806 such a success, mainly a stout final drive with a torque amplifier, hydrostatic power steering and a new 3-point system with draft control.

The drivetrain of the Farmall 504 reveals a robust configuration that combines elements from earlier models. From the clutch housing back, it draws on the design that began with the 300 series but closely aligns with the 460. This includes the differential, bearings, bull pinion, and bull gears, which were part of the final updates made to the 460 after initial failures. Row crop versions utilize 2-3/4 axles and feature the deepest ring and pinion reduction in their transmission series, accommodating higher RPM settings. The standard low gear also benefits from a deeper reduction, enhancing performance.

The business end of the Farmall 504 shows off the standard 3-point, which was much more universal than IH’s fast hitch system, swinging drawbar, optional dual remotes and the standard 540 rpm PTO. The upper link is not installed right now.

The standard power for the 504 was the four-cylinder gasoline C153, a 153 cubic inch that could also be propane fueled. The D188 diesel was the compression ignition option and it was a four-cylinder variant of the D282 six that had been developed in 1958 and used in the 560 and other equipment. All the engines in the 504 line were rated by IH for 45 horsepower. In the Nebraska tests, the gas, and diesel achieved remarkably similar results, being less than one horsepower apart for both the PTO and drawbar ratings.

The C-153 engine, derived from the C-135, lacks sleeves, though pistons were once available in various oversizes. Diesel variants, however, come equipped with sleeves. This engine block shares a bolt pattern with the 300, and similar patterns are found in the 330 and 340 C135 blocks. Many users prefer aftermarket wide fronts for row crops, which offer advantages over the original IH designs.

 

How do the components and compatibility differ between the gas and diesel engines in the Farmall 504?

Gas engines have no sleeves and previously offered pistons in various oversizes, while diesel engines include sleeves, indicating different component compatibilities.

 

What are the design origins and differences of the C-153 engine block used in the Farmall 504?

The C-153 engine block is based on the C-135 design, lacking sleeves, and includes a bolt pattern similar to that of a 300 model.

 

What are the details regarding axles and reduction in the Farmall 504?

The row crop models used 2-3/4 inch axles, featuring the deepest ring and pinion reduction due to higher RPM engine settings.

 

What specific components were updated in the Farmall 504 after initial failures?

The differential, bearings, bull pinion, and bull gears were updated, incorporating parts from the final update of the 460 series due to early failures.

 

What is the origin and configuration of the drivetrain in the Farmall 504?

The drivetrain configuration from the clutch housing back is derived from the 300 tractors but is more akin to the 460 model.

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