The 2+2 Tractor: International Harvester

Almost from the beginning of the farm tractor, farmers and engineers fooled around with coupling two tractors together to put more power to the ground. In 1970, International Harvester played the same game a little more elaborately. They took the final drives from two 1066 tractors, used the transfer case from a 4166, made the tractor pivot in the center and mounted the engine out in front of the front wheels. The control station was still back by the rear wheels and the result was a tractor with a lot of possibilities.

Development continued through the 1970s until the “final answer” debuted in January 1979. They called them the 2+2 and they were unique in the market. The name-calling started right away. Some of the more polite ones included “anteater,” “land shark,” “worm” and “Snoopy,” but the names were used with a smile on the face once the tractor was seen in operation. The 2+2 has been described a lot of ways but in essence it was a rowcrop tractor with some of the features of a big, articulated four-wheel-drive tractor. It had unparalleled maneuverability (for a four-wheel-drive rowcrop, that is) and put a lot of power to the ground. Up front, the overhanging engine gave front wheels a lot of grip and once the rear was hooked up to an implement, the draft forces loaded the rear tires.

Two models were offered initially, the 3388 and the 3588. The design had changed considerably over the years in development. The rear final drive was from a 1086 tractor and the cab came from that as well. The front axle was a Kimco unit from Japan and a transfer case connected the front and rear sections. The engine drove the transmission and transfer case in the rear section through a driveshaft. The weight balance was very different from a traditional rowcrop, with a 54/46 distribution versus a 30/70. With draft, the weight shifted to more of a rear bias. The 2+2 used the same size tire front and rear, a standard 16.9-38 or an optional 18.4-34.

The 3388 mounted a 130 PTO hp DT436B turbo diesel while the 3588 had the now legendary DT466B. In 1980, the 3788 joined the herd and it was rated at 170 PTO hp with an uprated DT466. The powertrain was also uprated, with the rear final drive coming from a 1586 tractor. The cab also came from the 1586 and was a bit of an upgrade over the smaller units.

The 2+2 tractor required some getting used to and a farmer used to a regular rowcrop had a learning curve. Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publically blew the competition away.

There were teething problems, of course. Nothing super-major or embarrassing, but the hydraulics were probably the weakest link. Muffler and air cleaner troubles existed too. Those problems would be quickly solved. Long term, the farmers who didn’t maintain these very complex units faced some expensive fixes. The pivot points on the tractor and the driveshaft U-joints were two of these areas.

“Today, many of the 10,000 2+2 tractors built are still in operation. More than most tractors, the feelings about them run to the extremes.”

Ultimately, even the 1086 final drive proved too weak for the gutsy DT466, which owners insisted upon turning up. IH knew the potential of this tractor was limited by this final drive and they continued to work towards an upgrade all the way to the end.

For 1982, the line of tractors was upgraded from the 30 series to the 60 series. The 3388 became he 6388, the 3588 the 6588 and the 3788 the 6788. Changes were minor, but the models were becoming more refined as time went along and were gaining more acceptance in the market.

The 2+2 tractors came to an end shortly after Case and the agricultural component of IH merged to form Case International (later just Case IH). Case was the stronger partner and the new Case International engineering department was more Case than International. As a result, the 2+2 was dropped, probably with a disdainful sneer. Many think they were hasty. IH was on the verge of having a new final drive available that could have opened the door to an even more powerful and versatile 2+2. The new trans was good enough that it became the foundation for several very successful Case IH tractors.

Today, many of the 10,000 2+2 tractors built are still in operation. More than most tractors, the feelings about them run to the extremes. It’s either vile loathing or devoted love… nothing inbetween! John Hoshock, the owner of this 1980 3788 falls into the latter category. He bought the unit in 2004 as the big tractor for his medium-sized Ohio farming operation and hasn’t regretted the purchase. He gets a little good-natured flack from his farming buddies but, again, the “anteater” just blows them away out in the field. DW

Typical Specifications: 1981 IH 3788 2+2

Engine: Six-cylinder Turbo Diesel, IH DT466B
Displacement: 466 cid
Bore & Stroke: 4.30 x 5.35 inches
*Rated Drawbar Power: 142 hp @ 2,499 rpm
*Rated PTO Power: 170.57 hp @ 2,500
Compression Ratio: 163:1
Transmission: 12-speed w/optional torque amplifier
Weight: 18,620 lbs
Wheelbase: 110 inches
L x H: 228 x 116
Fuel Capacity: 90 gal (main), 63 gal (aux.)
Tires: 18.4-38
*Fuel Consumption: 10.9 gph @ full power
*Drawbar Pull: 19,069 @ max power
*Top Speed: 19.6 mph

* As Rated by Nebraska Tractor Test 1377

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How did IH introduce their secret 2+2 tractor to the market?

How IH Introduced Their Secret 2+2 Tractor to the Market

The introduction of IH’s secret 2+2 tractor was nothing short of a grand production, aimed to captivate and engage its audience while overcoming initial skepticism.

Strategic Planning and Collaboration

The planning began with a focused discussion on how to unveil the tractor in a way that would intrigue potential buyers and maximize company resources. Close coordination with Stan Lancaster, the Vice President of the division at the time, was crucial. They aimed to balance spending with the need to minimize tooling expenses while still creating an impactful launch.

A Memorable Launch Event

IH chose the picturesque location of Carefree, Arizona, particularly the Dick Van Dyke studio, as the setting for their high-energy launch. The event was crafted to be as entertaining as it was informative, featuring dancers and a modified version of a popular Kenny Rogers song, adding a cultural flair to the experience.

Region-Specific Targeting

The Memphis region was flown in first, strategically targeting an area known for rice and cotton farming. This choice was vital since they needed to demonstrate the tractor’s capabilities in real agricultural settings. It was uncertain if the tractor could handle the chemical tanks required for those crops, but they later confirmed it could, solidifying its utility.

Immersive Experience and Demonstrations

Upon arrival, dealers were treated to a well-rounded experience. After a welcoming dinner and a staged show, attendees were transported to a field east of Scottsdale for hands-on demonstrations. This experiential approach allowed every participant, from dealers to potential clients, to physically drive the tractor on a set course.

Turning Challenges Into Strengths

The design’s initial reception was met with hesitation, as observers reacted with incredulity. The strategy was to transform any perceived shortcomings into standout features, emphasizing the unique benefits of the 2+2 tractor. This approach helped shift the narrative, turning skepticism into enthusiasm.

In essence, IH’s market introduction of the 2+2 tractor was an orchestrated blend of strategic planning, immersive experience, and targeted messaging, ensuring the tractor’s features shone through and left a lasting impression.

How did IH ensure that the 2+2 tractors were ready for demonstration to dealers and potential buyers?

To ensure the readiness of the 2+2 tractors for demonstrations to dealers and potential buyers, meticulous preparations were undertaken. The tractors were fully assembled and shipped to the designated locations with utmost confidentiality, ensuring that no premature leaks occurred.

Key personnel from various regions were brought in to oversee this process. This enabled a coordinated approach to the demonstrations, making certain that every detail was accounted for. Each tractor was meticulously prepared: the tires and wheels were fine-tuned and adjusted to optimal operating settings.

Before the demonstrations, every tractor underwent rigorous testing on the dynamometer. This ensured their performance met expectations, allowing for a seamless display when showcased to dealers and interested buyers.

How did Bud Youle contribute to the marketing strategy for the 2+2 tractor’s introduction?

Bud Youle’s Pivotal Role in Launching the 2+2 Tractor

Bud Youle played a critical role in crafting the marketing strategy for the 2+2 tractor’s introduction, ensuring it was both impactful and memorable. Recognizing the importance of collaboration, Youle worked closely with division Vice President Stan Lancaster to strategize on maximizing revenue while keeping tooling expenses in check. This meticulous planning was crucial for the product’s success in the market.

Targeted Regional Focus

For Youle, starting in the Memphis region, which included Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, was strategic. This area was known for its agricultural industries like cotton and rice farming. By focusing on a region where the tractor’s unique features could shine, he tailored the introduction to local needs and potential concerns.

Spectacular Product Launch

Youle orchestrated an elaborate launch event at a prominent studio in Carefree, Arizona. The event featured entertainment elements, including dancers and a creatively reimagined song, setting a lively tone. Notably, the launch included an iconic demonstration where Gerry Salzman drove the tractor, leaving a lasting impression on attendees.

Hands-On Experience

Understanding the power of experiential marketing, Youle designed a field test in Scottsdale. This gave all attendees, from dealers to their families, a hands-on experience with the tractor. By transforming potential skepticism into enthusiasm, he effectively turned perceptions around. The strategy of presenting the tractor’s challenging aspects as strengths was key to changing minds.

In summary, Bud Youle’s innovative and region-focused strategy, coupled with an engaging and memorable launch event, was instrumental in successfully introducing the 2+2 tractor to the market.

What was the significance of the Memphis region in the launch of the 2+2 tractor?

The Memphis region, encompassing Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, played a pivotal role in launching the 2+2 tractor. This area, known for its rice and cotton cultivation, was strategically chosen for its agricultural significance. Initially, there was some uncertainty about the tractor’s ability to support chemical tanks, which was crucial for these crops. However, the innovation proved effective, cementing its importance in heavy-duty farming.

The launch strategy was carefully orchestrated—guests were flown in on Sunday nights and received hospitality before being taken to the scenic Pinnacle Peak to witness the tractor in action. Highlighting the tractor’s capabilities, Gerry Salzman skillfully drove it during the demonstration, which marked a memorable moment in the tractor’s history. The choice of the Memphis region underscored the tractor’s alignment with the demands of Southern agriculture, ensuring its adoption in a market where power and versatility are paramount.

Why was the introduction of the 2+2 tractor held at the Dick Van Dyke studio in Arizona?

The launch of the 2+2 tractor was strategically hosted at the Dick Van Dyke studio in Carefree, Arizona, primarily to create an unforgettable experience that resonated with both the media and potential buyers. By choosing such a renowned location, the organizers aimed to capitalize on its unique charm and historical appeal.

The event was designed to be an elaborate production, featuring professional dancers and a specially adapted song based on a hit by Kenny Rogers. This entertainment-centric approach not only captured attention but also intensified the excitement and buzz around the new product.

The goal was to showcase the tractor in a memorable way, leveraging the studio’s strong association with creativity and performance to craft a dynamic presentation that would linger in the minds of the audience.

How did competitors react to the introduction of the 2+2 tractor in the market?

“Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away. The buzz around this revolutionary tractor was palpable. As it made its debut, industry giants couldn’t help but notice the stir it caused.

In the Phoenix area, rail cars carrying the mysterious boxes became a spectacle. Onlookers were intrigued by what lay inside. When the boxes were finally opened, revealing the innovative ‘Snoopy tractor’, curiosity turned into fascination. Competitors watched closely, following its every move, eager to understand the impact this new contender would have on the market.

The 2+2’s performance wasn’t just impressive on paper. It commanded attention and respect, leaving other manufacturers scrambling to reassess their strategies. This wasn’t just an introduction; it was a statement that promised to shift the landscape of agricultural machinery.”

How did the industry perceive the significance of these events?

The industry perceived these events as significant enough to warrant attention and action, suggesting that the new tractor represented a notable development in the market.

What was the response of the competitors upon seeing the new tractor?

Upon seeing the new tractor, competitors took active measures to track its movement, indicating a keen interest in understanding the product.

What specific event caused competitors to take notice?

The event that caused competitors to take notice was when a box was removed from a rail car, revealing the new “Snoopy tractor.”

How did competitors become aware of the new tractor?

Competitors became aware of the new tractor by observing rail cars carrying mysterious boxes, which piqued their interest.

What was the initial industry reaction to the introduction of the 2+2 tractor?

The initial industry reaction was one of curiosity and heightened awareness. Major competitors realized something noteworthy was unfolding in the Phoenix area.

What was the reaction of dealers and customers after trying out the 2+2 tractor?

“Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work. IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.”

The rollout event for the 2+2 tractor was a strategic display designed to shift perceptions. Dealers and customers gathered in anticipation, both intrigued and wary. The initial sight of the tractor sparked a mix of curiosity and skepticism. Attendees, seeing it for the first time, couldn’t help but react with uncertainty. But this was precisely the challenge IH was prepared to tackle.

Turning Doubt into Admiration

Participants were encouraged to take the wheel themselves, navigating the course set up to demonstrate the tractor’s capabilities. This hands-on experience was crucial. As they maneuvered the tractor, skepticism began to dissolve, replaced by a growing confidence in the machine’s performance.

What started as doubt slowly transformed into admiration as the tractor’s unique features became apparent. Dealers and customers alike began to see the potential that IH had promised. The whisper of skepticism turned into a buzz of excitement.

A Ripple Effect in the Industry

This shift in perception didn’t go unnoticed by competitors. The industry buzzed with rumors as other major players watched the developments closely, realizing that something significant was unfolding. The 2+2 tractor, once a source of doubt, was now a force to be reckoned with, earning its place in the market through performance and persistence.

What was the nature of the demonstration?

The demonstration was hands-on, requiring every attendee to drive the tractor, which proved pivotal in altering their perceptions and showcasing the tractor’s capabilities.

What was the broader industry impact?

The demonstration attracted attention from major competitors like Case, Deere, and Oliver, indicating the significant impact and interest generated within the industry.

How did perceptions change over time?

As the event progressed, attendees’ skepticism turned to optimism and belief, with many beginning to see the tractor’s potential and thinking the concept could succeed.

How did the event unfold?

The event included a lunch and a popular TV show performance at the studio, followed by a hands-on experience in a field where attendees drove tractors on a designated course.

What was the initial reaction to seeing the tractor?

Attendees initially reacted with skepticism and doubt upon seeing the tractor, as many were unsure of its capabilities and potential.

What strategies did IH use to overcome the negative perceptions of the 2+2 tractor’s design?

“IH knew it would be an uphill battle promoting the tractor and, of course, the competition was not kind. The design of the 2+2 was unlike anything else on the market, and initial reactions were mixed. Yet, IH saw this as an opportunity rather than a setback. They adopted a bold strategy: transform the tractor’s unconventional design from a perceived liability into a standout feature.

To execute this, IH emphasized the unique advantages the design offered. They showcased its innovative features and demonstrated its practical benefits through rigorous performance tests. When IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away. These tests highlighted not only its capabilities but also how its design contributed to superior performance.

This approach allowed IH to reshape the narrative around the 2+2, turning skepticism into intrigue and eventually, admiration. By focusing on what made the tractor different, IH successfully shifted public perception, proving that innovation often requires a leap of faith.”

What mindset was applied to address the issue?

A transformative mindset was applied, focusing on converting negatives into positives to leverage them as strengths.

What was the strategic approach?

The strategy involved transforming a perceived weakness into a standout feature.

What was the main challenge?

The primary challenge was addressing a significant negative aspect that needed to be overcome.

How did Bud Youle predict and achieve a higher number of orders than initially planned for the 2+2 tractor?

Bud Youle’s intuition and strategic foresight were key factors in predicting and exceeding the initial order expectations for the 2+2 tractor.

To start, he successfully secured funding from upper management, allowing the project to move forward. As the development progressed, it became clear that both individuals and dealers were beginning to realize the potential and viability of the concept. This growing confidence was further bolstered when survey data confirmed the strong market interest, particularly in the agricultural sectors like corn and soybeans.

Understanding regional demand was another crucial element. Bud anticipated the tractor’s appeal in the southern markets and ensured a comprehensive approach by engaging every regional market. The strategy also included showcasing the tractor to an array of stakeholders, from Board members to international delegations, allowing them to experience the tractor’s capabilities firsthand.

Notably, the marketing approach caught the attention of notable competitors like Case, Deere, and Oliver. The tractors were seen being transported to Phoenix, garnering significant intrigue. This strategic visibility and exposure generated a sense of excitement and anticipation in the market.

Ultimately, Bud’s efforts culminated in placing an order for 6,500 tractors at the Farmall plant, yet the actual production soared to around 13,000—an indication of the overwhelming success and demand stimulated by his strategic planning and market insight.

How did IH handle the secrecy and anticipation surrounding the new 2+2 tractor before its release?

To handle the secrecy and build anticipation for their groundbreaking 2+2 tractor, IH meticulously safeguarded the project until its reveal. They went to great lengths to keep details under wraps, ensuring the machine was cloaked in mystery. As part of this strategy, the tractors were constructed and shipped discreetly, protected from prying eyes by secure covers.

Prior to the official unveiling, IH orchestrated a comprehensive preparation process. Key personnel from various regions were called in to witness the final touches. Each tractor was thoroughly tested, fine-tuned, and set to optimal operating standards. The machines underwent rigorous trials on the dynamometer, ensuring they performed flawlessly upon release.

When the tractors finally arrived, the excitement was palpable. Competitors like Case, Deere, and Oliver quickly became aware that something significant was happening, especially when they spotted rail cars carrying large, mysterious boxes. As one of these boxes was opened, revealing the unconventional design of the 2+2 tractor, it captured the attention of onlookers. What followed was a buzz of interest and speculation as these tractors roamed the Phoenix area, drawing enthusiasts and curious onlookers in its wake.

Who was Bud Youle and what was his role in the introduction of the 2+2 tractor?

Bud Youle was a pivotal figure in the launch of the 2+2 tractor, serving as a marketing executive for International Harvester. He played a crucial role in strategizing and executing the introduction of this innovative tractor to the market.

Bud’s responsibilities included collaborating closely with Stan Lancaster, the Vice President of the division at that time. Together, they focused on ensuring the launch would be both financially efficient and effective. Bud aimed to minimize tooling expenses while still securing the necessary funding to make the program a success.

To maintain secrecy and build anticipation, Bud oversaw that the tractors were built, shipped, and kept under wraps until their official debut. He also coordinated with regional representatives to ensure each tractor was fully operational and ready for testing. This meticulous preparation highlighted Bud’s dedication to the launch’s success.

His efforts paid off when upper management approved the funding needed to drive the project forward. As excitement grew among dealers and the market started to embrace the concept, Bud was able to confidently place substantial orders for more units, ultimately leading to a production run that exceeded initial expectations.

In essence, Bud Youle was the mastermind behind the marketing strategy and played a key role in the rollout of the 2+2 tractor, contributing significantly to its commercial success.

How was the introduction event for the 2+2 tractor organized and where did it take place?

The launch event for the IH 2+2 tractor was a well-planned affair, taking place at the Dick Van Dyke studio in Carefree, Arizona. This elaborate introduction featured a musical performance with dancers and a creatively rewritten version of a hit song by Kenny Rogers. Initially targeting the Memphis region, which encompasses areas like Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee—known predominantly for rice and cotton farming—the rollout was strategic. However, there were uncertainties about whether the tractor could support chemical tanks on its sides. Once confirmed, attendees were flown in on Sunday night, treated to a meal, and taken to the Pinnacle Peak area. A highlight of the event was Gerry Salzman’s memorable presentation, where he drove the tractor, creating a lasting impression.

What challenges did IH face in marketing the 2+2 tractor due to its unusual design?

The 2+2 tractor required some getting used to and a farmer used to a regular row crop had a learning curve. Some developed an almost instant hate relationship with the tractor, but those who stuck with it learned how to make it work.

Yet, there was one glaring issue: its unusual silhouette. The long front end looked like nothing else ever made, drawing laughter and skepticism from onlookers. This unique design was both a curiosity and a hurdle for IH.

To tackle the challenge, IH kept their new machine a secret until its release, understanding the uphill battle they faced. The competition was not kind, seizing every opportunity to mock the tractor’s appearance. However, IH had a plan. They knew they had to make the tractor’s most criticized feature its standout advantage.

In side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away. Emphasizing its performance, IH shifted the narrative from its peculiar design to its superior capabilities, turning initial doubt into appreciation.

How did the 2+2 tractor perform in demonstrations compared to competitors like Deere?

“Yet when IH did side-by-side comparison tests, the 2+2 very publicly blew the competition away.”

The 2+2 tractor, equipped with 150 PTO horsepower, consistently demonstrated its prowess in rigorous testing. It was put through its paces, pulling alongside competitors over a stretch of approximately 150 yards. These tests were conducted globally, and the results were striking: the 2+2 clinched victory in about 90 percent of the events. Such performance wasn’t just a fluke; it was a testament to the tractor’s engineering excellence and reliability.

In these demonstrations, the 2+2 didn’t just meet expectations—it exceeded them, leaving others like Deere in its dust. This formidable performance solidified its reputation, proving its capabilities time and again on an international stage.