Tractor Talk: John Deere, The Next Generation

When John Deere debuted what the company called the “Next Generation of Tractors” in 1960, the transition from the long-stroke, two-cylinder tractors were dramatic in the extreme. When the Generation II tractors debuted in August 1972, it wasn’t quite so dramatic, but a big leap ahead in many ways. As it did in 1960, the debut would keep John Deere at the forefront of tractor sales and technology for many years to come.

Probably the most notable and noted change in the Gen II tractors was the Sound-Gard cab. Not only did it offer unparalleled noise protection and comfort, it offered rollover protection never before seen in a stylish, comfort-oriented cab. The cab was fully isolated from the tractor on four hefty rubber mounts and so to the seat and controls. The driver was surrounded by tempered glass, but protected by a four-post ROPS (Roll Over Protection System) that doubled as cab pillars. The cab was pressurized to keep out dirt. A heater and A/C system were both optional.

When you spend 10 to 12 hours a day grinding over rough, exceedingly boring ground, comfort is important and the Sound-Gard delivered in that department. You could buy a Gen II tractor without a cab in this era, but you don’t see many. The Sound-Gard cab made believers out of many die-hard farmers.

The Generation II tractors brought more to the table than a great cab. The entire line was revised and a few new models were introduced as well. Another notable styling change was the new sloping hood, which offered better visibility and a more timely look. Most of the tractors got new designations along with the other improvements and that brings us to the 100-plus horsepower 46 Series tractors, but we need to go back a couple of years to set the stage.

Deere introduced its first turbocharged tractor in 1969, the 4520 (see the March, 2013 issue Tractor Talk). Cranking out 120 PTO ponies, the 4520 was a timely addition to the 100-plus hp tractor market. It had a few teething issues, one of the few notable John Deere faux pas. They upped the ante in 1971 with the 4620, which added an intercooler (among other improvements) to the turbocharged 404-cid diesel giving it a 135-hp output. For the Gen II era, JD introduced the 4630, which made 150 hp from a more finely tuned 404. Optional transmissions included the tried and true Synchro-Range manual unit, the equally tried and true Power-Shift and the new Quad-Range. Qua- Range combined a Synchro-Shift with a hydraulically operated hi-low range to further split gears. A new Category 3N hitch was offered that allowed both Cat 2 and 3 implements to be used.

The 4630 was offered from 1973 into 1977 and replaced by the slightly upgraded 4640 that year. It was a good tractor. Strike that… it was a great tractor in terms of quality and design, but it had a weak link. It was too powerful for rear drive only. The 1970s was the era when power began to exceed the tractive abilities of what had been the standard rear drive layout for decades. Duals and ballast notwithstanding, it was still difficult to get a 150-hp tractor to put all that power to the ground. It was no accident that as the Gen II tractors debuted, John Deere was seriously pushing MFWD and four-wheel-drive tractors as primary tillage tractors and the 4630 would be offered this way as well. Two-wheel-drive tractors were fine for utility and PTO work, but the big tillage implements needed an extra driving axle and that was that. In many ways, you could think of the 4630 as one of the last of the old school big power tractors. DW

SOURCE:

Northwest Tractor, Ottawa, Ohio

419.538.7072

Findlay-IMP.com

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What unexpected problem arose from the quietness of the new tractor cab, and how was it addressed?

The surprising tranquility of the new Sound-Gard tractor cab led to an unforeseen issue: operators began reporting a rougher ride experience. This puzzled engineers who had designed the cab to offer an exceptionally smooth ride.

To investigate, they looked into a similar situation faced by GMC. In an experiment, drivers adjusted a knob in a test vehicle, believing it controlled seat comfort when, in fact, it only altered interior noise levels. Consistently, drivers equated increased noise with improved comfort because the added noise captured more of their attention, detracting focus from minor physical sensations.

With the tractor cabs, the reduced noise allowed operators to become more aware of the physical feel of the ride, previously masked by sound. Instead of compromising the quiet atmosphere of the cab, the solution was to provide operators the ability to make personal adjustments to their comfort settings, ensuring satisfaction without increasing noise levels.

What was the initial market response to the optional cab feature, and how did it impact production planning?

Initial Market Response to the Optional Cab Feature

When the optional cab feature was introduced, its market acceptance was dramatically stronger than anticipated. Initially, the production team estimated that cabs would only be included on about 15% of the tractors sold. However, customer demand far exceeded these expectations, with 50% of buyers opting for the cab right from the start. This surge in interest swiftly escalated, reaching 75% of customers wanting the cab addition.

Impact on Production Planning

This unexpected enthusiasm for the cab feature forced a reevaluation of production strategies. Originally, the factory prepared to produce cabs at a limited capacity, aligned with their conservative forecast. The overwhelming customer demand necessitated a significant shift, compelling the production team to rapidly ramp up cab manufacturing capabilities to meet the new consumer preferences.

Why was determining and fixing the center line dimensions of the engine block critical in the development process?

Determining and fixing the center line dimensions of the engine block was a pivotal step in the development process for several reasons. Firstly, these dimensions ensure that all components of the engine are perfectly aligned. Any deviation can lead to significant mechanical failures, affecting the performance and durability of the engine.

Moreover, an incorrect center line could lead to inefficient combustion, resulting in reduced power output and increased fuel consumption. This not only impacts performance but also escalates running costs for the end-user.

Additionally, the financial implications of a mistake in these measurements are enormous. It could lead to a costly retooling process, amounting to tens of millions of dollars today. Beyond the direct costs, the delay in the development timeline could result in months of lost time, potentially allowing competitors to gain a competitive edge.

In summary, precise center line dimensions are crucial to ensuring mechanical integrity, optimal performance, and avoiding significant financial losses.

How were the new engines tested, and what concerns existed regarding competitor awareness?

The new engines underwent rigorous testing using a dynamometer, which is a device that measures force, torque, or power. During this process, the exhaust produced by the engines was directed outside through the building’s roof. A major concern during these tests was the potential for competitors to discover and capitalize on the project details. This anxiety stemmed from the distinct sound of the engines being tested, which was noticeably different from that of traditional single-cylinder engines. However, it appeared that no industrial espionage activities took place, and no competitors managed to gather information by eavesdropping on the testing site.

What changes were made to the PTO control lever design after feedback from a company executive?

Changes to the PTO Control Lever Design

Initially, the PTO control lever was positioned near the console on the left side and featured a slight curve at the top. This design allowed the driver’s hand ample space to clear the console comfortably. However, feedback from a company executive highlighted an unforeseen issue: when dismounting from the left side, his suit coat became entangled with the projecting lever. This mishap resulted in damaging the jacket.

Responding to this practical feedback, the engineers decided to redesign the lever. The update involved repositioning the lever to prevent it from being an obstacle when exiting the vehicle. This adjustment ensured that the lever no longer posed a risk of catching clothing or causing similar inconveniences, enhancing both usability and safety.

What role did ergonomics consultant Dr. Janet Travell play in the design of the tractor seat, and what was her connection to President John F. Kennedy?

Dr. Janet Travell played a crucial role as an ergonomics consultant in the development of a modern tractor seat. Her expertise contributed significantly to the comfort and functionality of the seating used in New Generation tractors, enhancing the overall user experience for farmers.

Following her involvement in this innovative project, Dr. Travell gained national attention when she became the personal physician to President John F. Kennedy. Her connection to the President was further highlighted by her recommendation to install a rocking chair in the Oval Office. This chair was designed to alleviate Kennedy’s chronic back pain, effectively combining her ergonomic expertise with her medical practice.

How did the engineers overcome the time-consuming process of gear design before computerization?

Breaking Barriers in Gear Design: The Dawn of Computerization

Before the advent of computerization, designing gears was a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. Engineers faced the challenge of meticulously crafting each gear design by hand, which required extensive calculations and adjustments. This method, while effective, was far from efficient.

One innovative engineer sought to revolutionize this method. After putting in long hours at his regular job, he dedicated his nights to exploring new technologies. He traveled three hours to his company’s headquarters in Moline, Illinois, with a singular mission: to determine if computers could streamline the gear design process.

His relentless pursuit paid off. By applying early computer technology, he discovered that tasks taking hours could now be accomplished in just 15 minutes. This breakthrough was a revolutionary step, marking the creation of the first computer program for gear design. This innovation not only drastically reduced the time needed for gear design but also set a precedent for incorporating computers into engineering.

Through his pioneering efforts, the engineer demonstrated that computerization could transform laborious tasks into efficient, swift processes—forever changing the landscape of engineering design.

How long did the development of the “New Generation” tractors take, and why was it considered a significant feat?

The development of the “New Generation” tractors took an impressive seven years. While this might sound like a lengthy period, it was actually a remarkable achievement. Designing and producing a completely new line of tractors involves intricate engineering, rigorous testing, and substantial innovation. This timeline highlights the dedication and expertise required to bring advanced agricultural machinery to market.

How did Deere & Company collaborate with Frigidaire to improve the air conditioning unit for tractor cabs?

Deere & Company embarked on a collaborative journey with Frigidaire to enhance air conditioning units for tractor cabs. Initially, a top engineer from Deere persuaded Frigidaire, a division of General Motors, to supply what was considered the market’s best available unit at that time. However, Frigidaire stipulated that no alterations could be made to their units.

Despite this restriction, Deere encountered significant issues during testing; vibration and dust severely impacted the air conditioners after roughly 200 hours of operation. Undeterred, Deere engineers dedicated over two years to developing an innovative seal and bearing solution that effectively addressed these problems.

In a pivotal moment of transparency, Deere informed Frigidaire of the modifications they had implemented. Rather than severing ties, as initially feared, Frigidaire embraced the alterations. This collaboration not only improved the product but also led to the changes becoming a new standard within the automotive industry.

What was the role of the “meat market” in the development of the “New Generation” tractors?

The “meat market” served as the clandestine hub for pioneering work on the “New Generation” tractors. Located within a quiet, vacant supermarket in Waterloo, Iowa, this facility was crucial for bringing innovative designs to life. Engineers who were handpicked for the project referred to it by this unique nickname.

The site was highly restricted, emphasizing its significance. Only those with explicit clearance could enter, highlighting its importance in maintaining secrecy and focus. Even top-ranking company executives often found themselves standing outside, demonstrating the exclusive and sensitive nature of the work conducted there.

In essence, the “meat market” was the heartbeat of creativity and technical progression for these groundbreaking agricultural machines. It provided a space where engineers could concentrate on developing new concepts that would redefine the industry.

What challenges did Deere & Company face in achieving standardization across international tractor manufacturing?

Challenges in Achieving Standardization Across International Tractor Manufacturing

Deere & Company faced significant hurdles in their quest for international standardization in tractor manufacturing. In the early days, one of the primary issues was the lack of uniformity across different countries. Each region, driven by diverse market demands and production capabilities, resulted in varied tractor designs and specifications.

Lack of Standardization

Manufacturing tractors in different countries came with the complexity of differing standards, leading to inconsistencies. This disparity made it difficult for factories worldwide to collaborate effectively, as there was no common blueprint to follow. As a consequence, there was no streamlined process for unifying tractor parts across the globe.

Blueprint and Manufacturing Challenges

Another significant challenge was the difficulty of producing parts on a global scale using U.S.-specific blueprints. Factories located outside the United States found it cumbersome to translate and adapt American design plans into parts that could be manufactured with the same precision.

The New Generation Shift

To overcome these challenges, a transformative approach was needed. Deere & Company introduced the concept of the New Generation tractor—a universal design intended to meet worldwide needs. This initiative marked a pivotal shift in their manufacturing strategy. By developing a standardized design platform, they enabled any of their factories worldwide to produce parts seamlessly, regardless of location.

In summary, Deere & Company’s strides towards global standardization necessitated overcoming challenges related to inconsistent designs and complex cross-border manufacturing logistics. Through innovation and strategic change, they laid the groundwork for a more cohesive and efficient production model.

How did the introduction of styling considerations impact tractor purchasing decisions?

When you spend 10 to 12 hours a day grinding over rough, exceedingly boring ground, comfort is important and the Sound-Gard delivered in that department. You could buy a Gen II tractor without a cab in this era, but you don’t see many. The Sound-Gard cab made believers out of many die-hard farmers.

While comfort was crucial for those long hours in the field, styling also played a surprisingly pivotal role in tractor purchasing decisions. Research showed that when two competing tractors were equal in price, performance, and serviceability, the tractor with the more appealing design often won the buyer’s favor. This was particularly true when the buyer’s spouse was involved in the decision-making process.

The combination of comfort and aesthetic appeal was a game-changer in the industry. It marked a shift from purely functional considerations to a more holistic approach, where both comfort and style influenced the buying process. This evolution underscored the importance of not just how a tractor performed, but also how it looked and felt to the user.

Why did companies start to focus on styling?

Companies began to prioritize styling due to research indicating its influence on buyer decisions, especially when other product attributes were evenly matched.

What role did external influences, such as family members, play in purchasing decisions?

The presence of a spouse during the purchasing process could significantly sway the decision towards selecting a tractor with better aesthetics.

How did styling considerations influence purchasing decisions between similar products?

Styling became a pivotal factor when potential buyers faced choices between equally priced, performing, and serviceable tractors. The more visually appealing option often won out.

What made the introduction of the “New Generation” tractors a groundbreaking event in 1960?

When John Deere debuted what the company called the “Next Generation of Tractors” in 1960, the transition from the long-stroke, two-cylinder tractors was dramatic in the extreme. This was not just an evolutionary step forward; it was nothing short of revolutionary. The new tractors broke away from the traditional designs, offering innovations that transformed the industry landscape.

These tractors introduced advanced engineering and cutting-edge technology, setting a new standard for performance and efficiency. Unlike previous models that evolved incrementally, the “New Generation” tractors represented a bold leap, redefining what farmers could expect from their machinery.

When the Generation II tractors debuted in August 1972, it wasn’t quite so dramatic, but a big leap ahead in many ways. As it did in 1960, the debut would keep John Deere at the forefront of tractor sales and technology for many years to come.

By integrating these groundbreaking features, John Deere not only captured the market’s attention but also solidified its status as an innovator in agricultural machinery. This pivotal moment in 1960 marked the beginning of a new era, ensuring that John Deere stayed ahead in the competitive landscape of tractor manufacturing.

When and where did this event take place?

The event took place on August 30, 1960, in Dallas, Texas, marking a pivotal moment in agricultural machinery history.

Why was the introduction considered groundbreaking?

The introduction was groundbreaking because it introduced truly revolutionary advancements in tractor design, setting them apart from previous evolutionary updates.

What was the nature of the change introduced by the “New Generation” tractors?

The “New Generation” tractors marked a significant shift, characterized by groundbreaking innovations rather than gradual modifications seen in earlier models.